When to use hyphens - GrammarBook.com says: June 14, 2013, at 5:28 am. Our Rule 4 of Hyphens says, “Generally, hyphenate between two or more adjectives when they come before a noun and act as a single idea.”. Examples: Sam’s brother is a hearing-impaired person. But Sam’s brother is hearing impaired. Gary says: June 30, 2013, at 1:55 …

 
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The iPad is much more than just a mobile platform: It can become an efficient productivity tool. With the right apps, you can use the iPad to produce documents and spreadsheets tha...Use a "suspended" hyphen when at least two similar compound words appear next to each other and the final portion of the compound has been eliminated to avoid repetition. The hyphen appears after the first compound, regardless if the compound normally has a hyphen. A hyphen occurs in the main compound only if it would normally be hyphenated.Use hyphens to join double-barreled surnames, such as “Smith-Jones.” Do not use hyphens to separate common prefixes from proper nouns or adjectives like “pre colonial.” Use a hyphen to join a prefix to a word beginning with the same letter, for example “a semi-independent apartment.” FAQs 1. Is it correct … Use hyphens to show word breaks in publishing. In printed matter, a hyphen is used to show word division between the end of a line and the beginning of the next line. When proofreading already formatted documents, a proofreader’s job is to ensure that words are broken in the appropriate places. It’s better to make the break between syllables. The most common use of hyphens is to indicate that two or more words are acting as a single concept to describe the following noun. full-time employee. hard-working employee. four-wheel-drive vehicle. We don’t use hyphens when the descriptive words follow the noun. The employee works full time. The employee is hard working.If you find a term where the hyphen is optional, your main guideline should be consistency. Many words that begin with the prefixes “non-,” “pre-,” “de-,” or “re-” are hyphenated, but this is only necessary when it prevents a letter clash. For example, we hyphenate “re-evaluate” because “evaluate” starts with the same ...Hyphens Between Words Quiz. 1. For each of the following, choose the correct sentence. She jumped from a two story building. She jumped from a two-story building. 2. The cancellation of the show was a real letdown. The cancellation of the show was a real let-down. The cancellation of the show was a real let down.The most common use of hyphens is to indicate that two or more words are acting as a single concept to describe the following noun. full-time employee. hard-working employee. four-wheel-drive vehicle. We don’t use hyphens when the descriptive words follow the noun. The employee works full time. The employee is hard working.September 2, 2013, at 7:52 pm. Our Rule 4 of Hyphens says, “Generally, hyphenate between two or more adjectives when they come before a noun and act as a single idea.”. In your sentence, the measurement is a compound adjective describing the noun building. You may want to avoid using …Furthermore, hyphens are particularly crucial when dealing with numbers and age terms that act as adjectives. It’s the difference between “twenty odd students” and “twenty-odd students.” In the first instance, you might wrongly assume I’m describing a group of peculiar students; with the hyphen, it’s evident that I’m referring to an approximate number of … Hyphen. For most writers, the hyphen’s primary function is the formation of certain compound terms. The hyphen is also used for word division, which is briefly explained here. Never use a hyphen in place of an en dash or an em dash. Compound terms. Compound terms are those that consist of more than one word but represent a single item or idea. Lesson 4: Hyphens and Dashes. In the last lesson, we took a deeper look at commas. In this lesson, we will explore the difference between hyphens, en dashes, and em dashes. Hyphens. A hyphen connects two words that are closely related and are acting as a single word. For example: Two-thirds of survey respondents said they needed additional ...Mar 10, 2022 · Hyphenated compound words use a hyphen to connect the words. Here are some examples: six-pack. merry-go-round. runner-up. king-size. editor-in-chief. Hyphenated compound words like this differ from compound modifiers because they are nouns that are always hyphenated. They don’t function as adjectives or modifiers. A hyphen is a punctuation symbol that is used to connect two words. It serves a few functions, namely providing readability assistance, connecting compound terms, and showing word breaks when typing out phone numbers or birthdays. For example ‘mother-in-law’ and ‘twelve-year-old’ are both hyphenated words. Hyphens can make complex ...Hyphens Guide: Functions and Examples. The functions the hyphen appear to be straightforward, but exceptions and inconsistencies abound. This post serves as a guide to the recommendations of The Chicago Manual of Style regarding hyphenation. Hyphens are often introduced when new noun compounds are created, including in …Jul 27, 2010 · September 2, 2013, at 7:52 pm. Our Rule 4 of Hyphens says, “Generally, hyphenate between two or more adjectives when they come before a noun and act as a single idea.”. In your sentence, the measurement is a compound adjective describing the noun building. You may want to avoid using abbreviations in formal writing. Similarly, use hyphens when creating original compound nouns to keep confusion at bay. The hyphen example we started this piece with — good-vibes-spreading-things — is a …The hyphen is also found in serial numbers, and social security or engine numbers. If you're measuring something, you might also use the hyphen (foot-pound, kilowatt-hour, …Rules for Hyphen Use. Hyphens, like commas, periods, em dashes, and colons, are commonly used punctuation marks. Below are some rules that should be followed while using them: Rule 1: Hyphens should be used in spelled-out numbers. All numbers, when spelled out, are compound words. Therefore, twenty-one through ninety-nine should be …3. Why to use hyphen? Used in compound adjective with fraction. Used with prefixes such as ex-, self-, and all-etc. 4. Where to use hyphen? Used with hyphenated compound words. Used with a noun, adjective or adverb and a present participle. 5. Sentence structure of hyphen:-Banani is my sister-in-law. ( Word-Word …Using hyphens for compound words. Hyphens also separate parts of compound words, such as ex-wife, pro-choice, mother-in-law, and so forth. When you type or write these words, don’t put a space before or after the hyphen. The trend in modern writing is toward fewer punctuation marks. Thus, many words that used to be hyphenated compounds are ...Americans tend to avoid the use of hyphens while British like to use hyphens. For example, the oxford dictionary uses 'pot-belly' while the American heritage dictionary uses 'potbelly'. When two words are joined together as one word without any space in between them, it is called closed form. For example, keyboard, toothbrush, …Proper hyphenation of “year old” requires remembering three simple rules. The first one is using a hyphen to form the adjective “year-old” which will describe the age of the following noun. The second rule is using a hyphen when using the phrase as a noun. And the third one is avoiding the hyphen when the phrase modifies a noun that ...2. Using a hyphen to join compound numbers. Using a hyphen with compound numbers or only numbers is relatively straightforward. Whenever we spell a number greater than twenty, we hyphenate it. For example: My Grandfather is ninety-two years old. I am twenty-one years old. This rule is valid for all numbers. 3.To build a long, descriptive word out of two or more component words, use hyphens to separate the "pieces" from each other. Here's an example of a hyphen used to build a compound word: The up-to-date newspaper reporters were quick to jump on the latest scandal. 3. Use a hyphen when writing numbers out as words. ... Learn when to use a hyphen in a sentence with this guide that covers hyphen vs. dash, compound words, compound adjectives, and more. See examples of hyphenated words and phrases in different contexts and levels of formality. Q: How do you use hyphens with ages, for example, two year old child? A: Compound adjectives (two or more words that both modify the following noun) are hyphenated in age terms. a two-year-old child. two-year-old (compound adjective) child (noun) However, if the age term is not modifying a noun, you don’t need hyphens.Feb 13, 2024 · Always include a hyphen when using words to write out a fraction. one-half. two-thirds . Use hyphens for clarity. A hyphen can change the meaning of a word; therefore, adding one can help a writer's clarity. Re-signed vs. resigned – As a hyphenated word, it means to sign again; without a hyphen, the word can mean to quit or give in to something. If a compound word does not appear in the dictionary, it is called a temporary compound. The most important principle for writing temporary compounds is to use hyphens in them to prevent misreading. For example, if a compound adjective appears before a noun, use a hyphen (e.g., decision-making behavior, high-anxiety group). Using Hyphens with Compound Adjectives. An adjective is a word that describes or “modifies” a noun, such as a tall tree or blue sky. A compound adjective comprises two or more adjectives strung together to modify a noun, such as light-blue sky or hard-hearted person. These adjectival forms are usually hyphenated as well; …Use hyphens to show word breaks in publishing. In printed matter, a hyphen is used to show word division between the end of a line and the beginning of the next line. When …Using Hyphens with Compound Adjectives. An adjective is a word that describes or “modifies” a noun, such as a tall tree or blue sky. A compound adjective comprises two or more adjectives strung together to modify a noun, such as light-blue sky or hard-hearted person. These adjectival forms are usually hyphenated as well; …InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips While the winter season can sometimes bring out the holiday cheer on Wall Stree... InvestorPlace - Stock Market N...Zoho Expense is a travel and expense management software that integrates deeply with Zoho Books. Accounting | Editorial Review REVIEWED BY: Tim Yoder, Ph.D., CPA Tim is a Certified...Tax preparers and financial counselors advise consumers to hold on to certain canceled checks for a period of 7 to 10 years. Filed tax papers should contain proof of business and s...Get free real-time information on USD/SVC quotes including USD/SVC live chart. The volatility seen on Wall Street in 2022 has continued into 2023. The first 10 weeks of 2023 produc...Use a "suspended" hyphen when at least two similar compound words appear next to each other and the final portion of the compound has been eliminated to avoid repetition. The hyphen appears after the first compound, regardless if the compound normally has a hyphen. A hyphen occurs in the main compound only if it would normally be hyphenated.The precise use of hyphens and dashes varies by stylistic considerations. Generally, the hyphen connects elements that are semantically inseparable and function in tandem, such as compound modifiers. The em dash separates one thought from another—or it may otherwise signify an interruption. …Sep 12, 2022 · What purpose does a hyphen serve in a sentence? Learn how (and when) to use hyphen correctly here. 2. On-the-go. “On-the-go” is an idiom commonly used to describe a person who is constantly busy or active, often implying a fast-paced lifestyle. The hyphens in this phrase connect the words “on” and “the” with “go,” creating a compound adjective that conveys the idea of constant movement or activity. Example sentence: As a busy ...2 days ago · Hyphens are used at the ends of lines where a word has been split, to warn the reader that the word continues on the next line. If the word you need to split is clearly made up of two or more smaller words or elements, you should put the hyphen after the first of these parts. Otherwise, you put the hyphen at the end of a syllable. wheel ... How do we use hyphens when writing in English? Learn 5 basic hyphen rules and improve your English punctuation, grammar, and writing skills. This detailed le... On a standard keyboard, the hyphen is found to the immediate right of the “0” key. The underscore symbol is located on the same key as the hyphen, and is typed by pressing the shif...The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. [1] A hyphen looks like this: -. Hyphens have many uses in writing. Son-in-law is an example of a hyphenated word. The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes which are longer and have …Android (4.0+): Previously mentioned Carbon is a solid, gesture-packed Twitter client for Android, and this week it picked up a huge update. The new version adds in-app video playb...Proper hyphenation of “year old” requires remembering three simple rules. The first one is using a hyphen to form the adjective “year-old” which will describe the age of the following noun. The second rule is using a hyphen when using the phrase as a noun. And the third one is avoiding the hyphen when the phrase modifies a noun that ...The hyphen underwent an assault from a different corner in 2007, when Angus Stevenson, an editor of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, removed the hyphens from sixteen thousand words. Some ...Mac. In order to type an en dash on a Mac product, you can hold down the ‘Option’ and ‘-‘ keys simultaneously and an en dash ‘–’ should appear. Windows. For windows, you can hold down the ‘Alt’ and ‘-‘ key and you will get an en dash. In MS Word, enable Num Lock and press Ctrl + Minus Key.To build a long, descriptive word out of two or more component words, use hyphens to separate the "pieces" from each other. Here's an example of a hyphen used to build a compound word: The up-to-date newspaper reporters were quick to jump on the latest scandal. 3. Use a hyphen when writing numbers out as words. ...Using hyphens for compound words. Hyphens also separate parts of compound words, such as ex-wife, pro-choice, mother-in-law, and so forth. When you type or write these words, don’t put a space before or after the hyphen. The trend in modern writing is toward fewer punctuation marks. Thus, many words that used to be hyphenated compounds are ... Hyphens also work well with compound adjectives that end in a participle: a funny-looking badger, a sun-bleached roof, fire-roasted tomatoes, a money-grubbing thief. Hyphens tend not be used for adjectives that are modified by adverbs, even when they come before nouns: lightly salted peanuts , distantly related cousins , a poorly written sentence . Lesson 4: Hyphens and Dashes. In the last lesson, we took a deeper look at commas. In this lesson, we will explore the difference between hyphens, en dashes, and em dashes. Hyphens. A hyphen connects two words that are closely related and are acting as a single word. For example: Two-thirds of survey respondents said they needed additional ...The hyphen underwent an assault from a different corner in 2007, when Angus Stevenson, an editor of the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, removed the hyphens from sixteen thousand words. Some ...AER, GIII, SBH, and PSXP make the cut....AER On Friday, I unveiled the second tranche of my 2021 Tax-Loss Selling Recovery Portfolio -- four names that had a rough time in 2020, bu...Hyphens have always been in a state of flux, forever changing. We usually place hyphens in new words to help the reader, then over time the hyphen is dropped. In the early 20th century we had: to-day, to-morrow yester-day with hyphens. We definitely don't use hyphens with these words now: today, tomorrow, yesterday.Learn when to use hyphens in different situations, such as compound adjectives, compound verbs, numbers, fractions, and more. Find out the rules and customs for … Use a hyphen for descriptive terms. Use a hyphen to join two or more words that precede a noun and act as one descriptive term (compound adjective). Do not use a hyphen if the description follows the noun. Do not use a hyphen if two or more proper nouns serve as adjectives. Do not use a hyphen with adverbs that end in -ly. Do not use a hyphen ... Hyphens also represent expression, in isolation, of a prefix or a word element (pre-, -er) when construction of a word using that prefix would otherwise not require a hyphen. Another use of hyphens is with words to be distinguished from nonhyphenated homographs ( co-op , re-creation ).APYP: Get the latest AppYea stock price and detailed information including APYP news, historical charts and realtime prices. Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks 6. Use a hyphen to join a prefix to a capitalized word. un-American, pre-Christmas . 7. Always use a hyphen with the prefixes all-, ex-, and self-, and with the suffix -elect. all-inclusive, ex-president, self-righteous, governor-elect . 8. Use a hyphen with all compound numbers between twenty-one through ninety-nine, and when writing fractions ... Hyphens. Hyphens are used to join together compound words or separate syllables within a word. Hyphens are intended to prevent confusion or ambiguity. When …Hyphens – In a Nutshell. Hyphenation is used to connect two words together or to connect two parts of the same word. Hyphens are mainly included: when using compound modifiers before a noun. when adding certain prefixes or suffixes to words. when writing numbers in full. when a word at the end of a line …TIP SheetTHE HYPHEN. The hyphen (-) is a mark that joins words or parts of words and is placed directly between letters and with no spaces. As indicated below, the hyphen is used in several ways. 1. Use a hyphen at the end of a line to divide a word where there is not enough space for the whole word. Follow the rules for …Lesson 4: Hyphens and Dashes. In the last lesson, we took a deeper look at commas. In this lesson, we will explore the difference between hyphens, en dashes, and em dashes. Hyphens. A hyphen connects two words that are closely related and are acting as a single word. For example: Two-thirds of survey respondents said they needed additional ...Miscellaneous Uses. You also use hyphens when: Writing out numbers 21 through 99, like twenty-one and ninety-nine (and everything in between).. Prefixes that come before a proper noun, like anti-American.. Avoiding confusing or awkward combinations, like shell-like or de-ice.. For more information, check out the full …When to use hyphens. Some compound words, such as self-restraint are hyphenated. Numbers between twenty-one and ninety-nine should also be hyphenated …Write four of your own sentences using a single dash to show an after-thought. Try to write one for each of the four purposes listed above. Hyphens are shorter than dashes and are used to connect ...Hyphens are used to link the words in compound adjectives to show they are single adjectives. For example: (Here, the hyphen joins "two" and "seater" to show it is one adjective.) (Here, hyphens join the words in "never-to-be-forgotten" to show it is one adjective.) Remember that a compound adjective is a single adjective made up of more …The dash we typically use is technically called the “em dash,” and it is significantly longer than the hyphen. There is also an “en dash”—whose length is between that of the hyphen and the em dash, and its best usage is to indicate inclusive dates and numbers: The date range began on July 6 and ended on September 17.Use Hyphens with Numbers Used in Adjectives When the number is the first part of a compound adjective , use hyphens to group the whole adjective together to show it is a single adjective. In these examples, the compound adjectives that include the numbers are highlighted and the nouns are in bold.If a compound word does not appear in the dictionary, it is called a temporary compound. The most important principle for writing temporary compounds is to use hyphens in them to prevent misreading. For example, if a compound adjective appears before a noun, use a hyphen (e.g., decision-making behavior, high-anxiety group).Furthermore, hyphens are particularly crucial when dealing with numbers and age terms that act as adjectives. It’s the difference between “twenty odd students” and “twenty-odd students.” In the first instance, you might wrongly assume I’m describing a group of peculiar students; with the hyphen, it’s evident that I’m referring to an approximate number of …Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine ARTICLE: Association of HLA-DRB1*09:01 with tIgE levels among African ancestry ind...6. Use a Hyphen for Special Hyphenated Words. 7. Use Hyphens to Add Prefixes and Suffixes to Words. 8. Use a Hyphen With Certain Numbers. 9. Use Hyphens for Dramatic Effect. When used correctly, hyphens can act as powerful writing tools to join words together, link ideas, or simply enhance the flow of your sentences. A two-em dash, ——, is used to indicate missing letters in a word and, less frequently, to indicate a missing word. The butter-stained and crumb-embedded note was attributed to a Ms. M—— of Websterburg. A three-em dash, ———, indicates that a word has been left out or that an unknown word or figure is to be supplied. September 2, 2013, at 7:52 pm. Our Rule 4 of Hyphens says, “Generally, hyphenate between two or more adjectives when they come before a noun and act as a single idea.”. In your sentence, the measurement is a compound adjective describing the noun building. You may want to avoid using …Hyphens belong to that category of punctuation marks that will hurt your brain if you think about them too hard, and, like commas, people disagree about their use in certain situations. Nevertheless, if you learn to use hyphens properly, they help you to write efficiently and concretely, and you will have to use them regularly because of the ...Peck's English Pointers is a collection of lively articles spanning English grammar, punctuation, usage and clarity. Written by editor and writer Frances Peck, these pieces take a thorough yet entertaining look at some of the most common errors, weaknesses and uncertainties that plague writers of English. From who and whom to hyphens, from …What is a hyphen? It is a short horizontal line (-) used as a punctuation mark. It has three primary functions: to connect two words and make them into a compound, to separate parts of a word at the end of a line, and to separate a prefix or suffix from a root word. The punctuation mark should not be …Learn the rules and exceptions of hyphenating words in different parts of speech, such as numbers, adjectives, nouns, phrases, verbs, and names. Find out when to use a hyphen correctly and when to avoid it voluntarily …A hyphen (-) is used in the middle of a multi-word idea or joins two related words together. ... Use hyphens to join compound words and avoid awkward or confusing ...Learn when to use a hyphen in a sentence with this guide that covers hyphen vs. dash, compound words, compound adjectives, and more. See examples of …The meaning of HYPHEN is a punctuation mark - used especially to divide or to compound words, word elements, or numbers.Grammatical Rules For Hyphen Usage. 1. Compound Words: One primary function of hyphens is to join compound words. When two or more words are combined to form a single concept or adjective, a hyphen is used to connect them. For example: Well-known. High-quality. Self-confidence. 2.Culture. When and how to use a hyphen vs a dash in English. by Laura Lingoda. Published on February 23, 2021 / Updated on November 9, 2022. Facebook. Post. The use of double hyphens can be traced back to the typewriter era when typists would type two hyphens together to mimic the appearance of an em dash. In the past, typesetters would manually insert an em dash by using two hyphens or a combination of a hyphen and an en dash. Hyphen Rules . The hyphen ( ‐ ) is a punctuation mark used to join words. It is often confused with dashes ( –, —, ― ), which are longer and have different uses, and with the minus sign ( − ) which is also longer. Rule One: Most often, you will hyphenate between two or more adjectives when they come before a noun and act as a …Get free real-time information on USD/SVC quotes including USD/SVC live chart. The volatility seen on Wall Street in 2022 has continued into 2023. The first 10 weeks of 2023 produc...The prefixes all, ex, and self should be joined to words using a hyphen.Suffixes such as elect should also be attached using hyphens.. Her ex-wife had stayed at the all-inclusive resort at the same time as the president-elect of Haiti. You can also use hyphens to connect prefixes such as un and pre to capitalized words.In most contexts, a hyphen can serve as an en dash, but in professional publications—especially in the humanities—an en dash is correct. When you type the hyphen, en dash, and em dash, no spaces should appear on either side of the punctuation mark. Try It. …Don't confuse a hyphen (-) with an en dash (–) or em dash (—). While dashes are used to connect two parts of an entire sentence, hyphens connect two or more words. Hyphens are one of my favorite and most-loved punctuation marks. Nothing can do what they can: they completely change the context and meaning …We usually use a hyphen between the two words in a two-part adjective in which the second part ends in -ed or -ing. Good-looking. Broken-hearted. Blue-eyed. Two-part adjectives which contain the sense of ‘between’ are also hyphenated. the India-Pakistan match (= the match between India and Pakistan) the Anglo-French agreement.

More Handy Uses for Hyphens. A hyphen should always be used to separate a prefix that comes before a proper noun. For example, pro-British. Use a hyphen to keep the same letters from running together, as in a still-life painting. Use a hyphen when joining a letter with a word, as in an A-frame house.. How much does a windshield replacement cost

when to use hyphens

Hyphens belong to that category of punctuation marks that will hurt your brain if you think about them too hard, and, like commas, people disagree about their use in certain situations. Nevertheless, you will have to use them regularly because of the nature of academic and professional writing. If you learn to use hyphens …Use a hyphen with: letters;; names;; words beginning with 'i';; two-word compounds used as adjectives. anti-HBs ...Hyphens – In a Nutshell. Hyphenation is used to connect two words together or to connect two parts of the same word. Hyphens are mainly included: when using compound modifiers before a noun. when adding certain prefixes or suffixes to words. when writing numbers in full. when a word at the end of a line …Hyphens play an essential role in punctuation rules, helping writers like you to create clear and concise texts that effectively communicate ideas.One of the most common applications of hyphen usage is to join words or parts of words, forming hyphenated words to enhance the readability and meaning of your …TIP SheetTHE HYPHEN. The hyphen (-) is a mark that joins words or parts of words and is placed directly between letters and with no spaces. As indicated below, the hyphen is used in several ways. 1. Use a hyphen at the end of a line to divide a word where there is not enough space for the whole word. Follow the rules for dividing words correctly. Common uses of colons. 1. To announce, introduce, or direct attention to a list, a noun or noun phrase, a quotation, or an example/explanation. You can use a colon to draw attention to many things in your writing. The categories listed below often overlap, so don’t worry too much about whether your intended use of the colon fits one category ... Use a hyphen with certain prefixes. The prefixes all-, ex-, and self - usually need a hyphen: 4. Use a hyphen when writing numbers 21 to 99, and fractions: 5. Use a hyphen to show that a word has been broken at the end of a line (hyphenation): ient location. 6. Use a hyphen with "suspended compounds".File previews. pptx, 135.27 KB. A PowerPoint explaining the use of hyphens. Some exercises given so the class could well be armed with whiteboards.Use hyphens for two-word numbers below one hundred. Though the rules for when to use numerals and when to spell out numbers can vary from style guide to style guide, many grammatical sources will recommend using a hyphen for two-word numbers below one hundred. In other words, use hyphens for the numbers twenty-one through …How do we use hyphens when writing in English? Learn 5 basic hyphen rules and improve your English punctuation, grammar, and writing skills. This detailed le...The rule—and yes, it’s a rule of written English, although some of us never learned it—requires a hyphen between words that jointly modify a noun. The Chicago Manual of Style § 7.81 (16th ed. 2010). These jointly modifying words are called “compound modifiers” or “phrasal adjectives.”. Careful writers hyphenate compound modifiers ... In this sense, you can say that writers use hyphens to join words, creating versions of new glued-together words. In other cases, a hyphen is a necessity to tell your reader the words go together as in glued-together that I used in the previous sentence. In still other cases, there are some ground rules to use hyphens. Here are some types of phrasal adjectives: 1. “She’s showing the classic fight or flight reaction.”. What kind of reaction is it? Fight or flight. That’s a single type of reaction, so the phrase “fight or flight” is linked with hyphens to indicate its unity: “She’s showing the classic fight-or-flight reaction.”. 2..

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