Proxmox vs esxi - When choosing between Proxmox VE and VMware ESXi, it’s important to consider your specific virtualization needs, budget, and familiarity with the underlying technologies. Proxmox VE is a cost-effective option with a wide range of features in its free community edition, making it suitable for homelab use and those looking for open-source ...

 
VMware ESXi is an operating system-independent hypervisor based on the VMkernel operating system interfacing with agents that run atop it. ESXi is the exclusive hypervisor for VMware vSphere 5.x licenses. . Heat pump replacement

Proxmox Full course video playlisthttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8cE5Nxf6M6bBTixIuAAViwXBqlk4PBOhProxmox Virtual Environment (Proxmox VE) is an open...This technote compares the storage performance of Proxmox VE 7.2 and VMware ESXi 7.0 Update 3c for storage-dominant applications using network-attached NVMe devices. Proxmox …Aug 22, 2020 ... That is to say Proxmox is your OS similar to VMware or ESXI. Where as VirtualBox is software that is installed on top of an OS such as Windows ... If you’re learning for future job I would go esxi since it is more common in the enterprise. If you want a lot of good features for free go with prox mox. Since you have access to a free license of esxi I would use that just for the potential of future work, but either one is awesome. FYI not trying to pick a fight with proxmox fans. Feb 6, 2020 ... Proxmox vs ESXi - Proxmox FTW! Sorry VMWare :^( Free Open Source ...While VMware is a more mature and feature-rich solution, Proxmox offers a more cost-effective and flexible alternative for users looking for an open-source virtualization platform. Ultimately, the choice between VMware and Proxmox depends on individual needs and requirements; both platforms have strengths …Dec 10, 2023 · Proxmox VE and VMware ESXi are popular hypervisors for virtualization. Proxmox is an open-source, Linux-based virtual environment. ESXi is a bare metal hypervisor developed by VMware. Proxmox offers a user-friendly web interface for managing VMs and containers. ESXi excels in performance and scalability, making it ideal for enterprise environments. Virtualize Home Assistant on VMware ESXI or Proxmox and enjoy all the benefits and flexibility of a virtual machine including snapshots, live migrations and ...Nov 7, 2022 ... Some people around run esxi. I run virt-manager after moving off of Proxmox (nothing wrong with it besides clustering on less than 4, or rather ...ESXi is great and it is industry standard hypervisor. Free version is limited. Hyper-V server is free and can be managed via WAC (Windows Admin Center). Hyper-V Server 2019 is the last version. There will be no Hyper-V server 2022, only Azure Stack HCI. Proxmox is great and offers a lot of features for free.1. Proxmox Virtualization Environment. Admired by home lab builders and SMBs alike, Proxmox is based on Debian Linux and offers support for both the kernel virtual …Hypervisor Type: Proxmox VE uses the Linux Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) as its hypervisor, while XenServer utilizes the Xen hypervisor. This difference in hypervisor type affects the way virtual machines are managed and overall performance. Management Interface: Proxmox VE provides a web-based …Feb 2, 2021 ... Proxmox - how to improve low IO performance? ... vmware-esxi · proxmox · Share. Share a link to ... Thermal Conductivity of 1600W/m·K? Valley vs ...Not only is it a cost-effective solution for running virtual machines, but it also outshines alternatives like Proxmox or VMware ESXi. Unleashing the power of Synology Virtual Machine Manager The Charm of Running VM on a Synology NAS. Running VMs on my Synology NAS feels like unlocking a secret power. I play with …Pros and Cons: Proxmox VE vs VMware ESXi. The Pros of Proxmox VE. The Cons of Proxmox VE. The Pros of VMware ESXi. The Cons of VMware ESXi. Which …Features. VMWare has more features overall than Proxmox, although Proxmox’s features are more practical. For example, Proxmox automatically allows nodes to use the same shared storage when the user adds them to a cluster. In comparison, ESXi requires the user to manually configure a node to use the shared storage from its cluster.Business, Economics, and Finance. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. CryptoJul 14, 2017 ... Proxmox (not technically KVM in general) can be set up in an HA cluster. This requires some form of shared storage, such as NFS, iSCSI, or Ceph.Feb 6, 2020 ... Proxmox vs ESXi - Proxmox FTW! Sorry VMWare :^( Free Open Source ...Compare Proxmox VE vs. Triton SmartOS vs. VMware ESXi vs. Synology Virtual Machine Manager using this comparison chart. Compare price, features, and reviews of the software side-by-side to make the best choice for your business. ... Claim Proxmox VE and update features and information. Claim Proxmox VE and …Proxmox vs. ESXi: A Comprehensive Comparison. Virtualization has become a cornerstone in modern IT infrastructure, offering efficient resource utilization, scalability, and management of computing environments. Proxmox and ESXi are among the leading hypervisors, each with its own set of features, strengths, and target …Dec 12, 2023 · The Proxmox GUI is built on the ExtJS JavaScript framework and supports all browsers. ESXi can be easily managed through the vSphere Web Client, offering advanced configuration tools. However, managing multiple ESXi hosts requires the use of the vCenter Server tool. portability. Proxmox supports a wide range of image formats, such as HDD, QCOW ... Proxmox Offers Higher IOPS. Proxmox VE beat VMware ESXi in 56 of 57 tests, delivering IOPS performance gains of nearly 50%. Peak gains in individual test cases with large queue depths and small I/O sizes exceed 70%. The graph below shows the percentage gains (averaged across block sizes) for each queue depth. VMware ESXi free provides no software storage solution for a single hypervisor. Proxmox has built-in ZFS making for a much simpler design than the VMware and FreeNAS All-in-one. My current homelab setup: I have Proxmox VE installed on two of my Supermicro servers. All of the VMs and containers are running there. Overview of Proxmox vs VMware ESXi. Proxmox is an open-source virtualization platform that combines KVM hypervisor and LXC containers, providing a powerful and flexible solution for managing virtual machines (VMs). Proxmox comes with a user-friendly web interface, making it easy to manage VMs, containers, storage, and networking. Conclusion: Making an Informed Choice. In the comparison between Proxmox and Unraid, it is crucial to consider your specific needs before making a decision. Proxmox stands out as a powerful hypervisor with advanced virtualization capabilities, while Unraid excels as a versatile network-attached storage solution.. If you prioritize …ESXi or Proxmox or whatever works really Primarily hosting OPNsense firewall, Pi-hole, Honeypots, etc. Definitely switching perimeter firewalls every now and again between opensource and Juniper, PaloAlto etc. Xfinity is only 1G so I'm ok with using the onboard NIC's. Raijintek Metis;Proxmox Mail Gateway Subscription Agreement . Version 2.2. File Size 149.51 KB. Last Updated January 15, 2024. Download. Proxmox VE Datasheet . Version 8.1. File Size 91.16 KB. Last Updated December 18, 2023. Download. Proxmox VE Subscription Agreement . Version 4.3. File Size 155.79 KB. Last Updated ...Dec 18, 2023 · Proxmox vs ESXi: A Comparative Analysis Cost. Proxmox takes the lead in terms of cost since it is an open-source solution with no licensing fees. In contrast, ESXi may involve licensing costs ... ESXi with a hardware RAID controller Proxmox running ZFS or use software raid Note that ESXi does not support software RAID implementations On one hand I like the fact that raid is expandable with a single disk at a time instead of a whole vdev in zfs which also comes at the cost of another disk lost to parity. This is not accurate.Proxmox also natively supports ZFS, which I think is nice. I'm tempted to look at using Cockpit to manage QEMU/KVM virtual machines. In general, enterprise IT uses ESXi while service providers/cloud providers use KVM. Pick which industry you work in or want to work in and learn that solution. Another XCP-NG fan here. Used Proxmox for a while but I had some problems with OPNSense VM (random freezes). No problems at all with XCP-NG. I use it in my homelab with an OPNSense VM that provides internet connection. XO is a great product and provides a great backup system (incremental or full). 8. gscjj. •. VMUG is $200, that's the full suite (vSphere Enterprise, vSAN, NSX, vROPs, vRLI, Etc), a $3000 dollar value. It's been a while but I'm pretty sure it's still being offered. If you can afford it, along with the hardware requirements, vSphere is a superior product. If you run a simple lab, Proxmox is sufficient.Jan 13, 2022 · As most of us are familiar with in our nested ESXi labs, this is a simple checkbox in the properties of your VMware ESXi virtual machine under the CPU settings. After booting from the ISO, the Proxmox VE 7.1 installation begins. Select to Install Proxmox VE. First things first. Accept the EULA to proceed. VMwares ESXI is free as well so the licensing cost is largely irrelevant for most non-commercial situations. Proxmox has its pluses and ESXI has its pluses. Probably the largest benefit to VMWares solution is the integration due to its huge marketshare so if being used as a training tool to develop employment skills it makes the most sense. Forget what you know about Wordle; this game is hard. Are you too good at Wordle? Of course you are. You know all the strategies: which words to guess first, which vowels to test r...OMV with ZFS on PROXMOX kernel has been perfectly stable for me. I was going to go Ubuntu but I like having the webpage for configuration. I don’t have to go down to command line unless I really need to. 100EducWay • 6 mo. ago. I have used the Proxmox kernel with OMV since OMV 4 and have had no issues. Also, I thought …This technote compares the storage performance of Proxmox VE 7.2 and VMware ESXi 7.0 Update 3c for storage-dominant applications using network-attached NVMe devices. Proxmox …October 10, 2023. 1749. 0. Greetings and salutations. In our article today, we will evaluate two virtualization technologies. Virtualization is a concept that has gained popularity …Unraid, true nas, freenas, and OMV are all NAS-based OSs (think bulk storage). Proxmox, esxi, etc are hypervisors (think virtualization of other OSs…even the aforementioned!). Also of note - you can usually virtualize with NAS OS if you want. Hypervisors are just better designed for the task. There are paid and free versions …Jan 25, 2024 · VMWare ESXi Alternatives. The following virtualization software solutions and hypervisors are viable and free ESXi alternatives. Most of these solutions also offer paid versions for comprehensive support and advanced features necessary for larger, more complex, or mission-critical deployments. Proxmox VE PVE完胜。 包括显卡穿透。 性能。 二者差不多。 云桌面，看到别家用VMWARE Horizon那个羡慕啊，唉，都换PVE了还能说点啥的，装个水货堡垒机玩着吧。 容器，看到有 …Pricing — Proxmox vs. ESXi: Pricing of Proxmox The free version of Proxmox supports several features, but you must have a paid subscription to access technical support and enterprise repositories.If you are wondering whether to run TrueNAS or Proxmox on your home server, you might want to check out this Reddit thread where users share their experiences and opinions on both options. Learn about the pros and cons of running TrueNAS as a VM or bare metal, how to passthrough disks or controllers, and what performance issues you might … Another XCP-NG fan here. Used Proxmox for a while but I had some problems with OPNSense VM (random freezes). No problems at all with XCP-NG. I use it in my homelab with an OPNSense VM that provides internet connection. XO is a great product and provides a great backup system (incremental or full). 8. Feb 5, 2022 · Proxmox vs ESXi：9 Compelling reasons why my choice was clear. 2021 年 2 月 10 日 阿南德. 是否对选择 VMware ESXi 或 Proxmox 作为您的裸机虚拟机hypervisor感到困惑？我为我的 Docker Traefik 服务器选择了 Proxmox VE，下面的比较解释了原因。 在过去的几个月里，我一直很沉默。 My thoughts on the two best homelab type 1 HVs Twitter: @spottedtangoTwitch: https://www.twitch.tv/spottedtangoI should have taken a …Many discussions have compared Proxmox and VMware from a feature perspective, but almost none compare performance. We tested PVE 7.2 (kernel=5.15.53-1-pve) and VMware ESXi 7.0 (update 3c) with a 32 VM workload to see which performs better under load with storage-heavy applications. ... My unqualified comparison between …BJP insiders believe Modi is punishing Swaraj for opposing his ascendance to the prime minister's post. When the United Progressive Alliance government was in power, Sushma Swaraj ...Proxmox can run containerized applications. XCP-ng is only a hypervisor. You need to setup either as a VM or seperate box. Xen Orchestra. There’s also a Windows application you can use. But I believe it’s deprecated. Proxmox GUI is better the Xen Orchestra 5. Although the upcoming XO6 looks like it’ll be better.They are all great with some variations in complexities to achieve something. I used them all, but kept Hyper-v and Proxmox in the end. That doesn't mean esxi is bad or anything. But Proxmox does almost everything esxi does and Hyper-v …Nov 20, 2020 · The results were surprising: Proxmox VE beat VMware ESXi in 56 of 57 tests, delivering IOPS performance gains of nearly 50%. Peak gains in individual test cases with large queue depths and small I/O sizes exceed 70%. Proxmox VE reduced latency by more than 30% while simultaneously delivering higher IOPS, besting VMware in 56 of 57 tests. Feb 6, 2020 ... Proxmox vs ESXi - Proxmox FTW! Sorry VMWare :^( Free Open Source ...Compare Parallels Desktop for Mac vs. Proxmox VE vs. VMware ESXi using this comparison chart. Compare price, features, and reviews of the software side-by-side to make the best choice for your business. ... Built on Linux, it reduces Windows licensing requirements, needs less infrastructure and reduces total costs by 50% …VMware ESXi free provides no software storage solution for a single hypervisor. Proxmox has built-in ZFS making for a much simpler design than the VMware and FreeNAS All-in-one. My current homelab setup: I have Proxmox VE installed on two of my Supermicro servers. All of the VMs and containers are running there. VMwares ESXI is free as well so the licensing cost is largely irrelevant for most non-commercial situations. Proxmox has its pluses and ESXI has its pluses. Probably the largest benefit to VMWares solution is the integration due to its huge marketshare so if being used as a training tool to develop employment skills it makes the most sense. Good morning, Quartz readers! Good morning, Quartz readers! What to watch for today The EU summit enters its second day, with progress on steps toward a banking union. European lea...Upgrade from Proxmox VE 7 to 8; Upgrade Guides for older Releases; See the supported release table for the current release and the end of life date of older releases. Migrate to Proxmox VE. For an overview about how to migrate to Proxmox VE see Migrate to Proxmox VE. Using Proxmox VE. This wiki includes the complete Proxmox VE …What’s the difference between Proxmox VE and VMware ESXi? Compare Proxmox VE vs. VMware ESXi in 2024 by cost, reviews, features, integrations, deployment, target market, support options, trial offers, training options, years in business, region, and more using the chart below.PVE完胜。 包括显卡穿透。 性能。 二者差不多。 云桌面，看到别家用VMWARE Horizon那个羡慕啊，唉，都换PVE了还能说点啥的，装个水货堡垒机玩着吧。 容器，看到有 …If you are wondering whether to run TrueNAS or Proxmox on your home server, you might want to check out this Reddit thread where users share their experiences and opinions on both options. Learn about the pros and cons of running TrueNAS as a VM or bare metal, how to passthrough disks or controllers, and what performance issues you might …Score 9.3 out of 10. N/A. Proxmox Virtual Environment is an open source server virtualization management solution based on QEMU/KVM and LXC. Users can manage virtual machines, containers, highly available clusters, storage and networks via a web interface or CLI. Proxmox VE code is licensed under the GNU Affero General Public …We performed a comparison between Oracle VM VirtualBox, Proxmox VE, and VMware vSphere based on real PeerSpot user reviews. Find out what your peers are saying about Proxmox, VMware, Microsoft and others in Server Virtualization Software. To learn more, read our detailed Server Virtualization Software Report …Pick one like esxi, add a proxmox guest or hyper-v guest handed a whole lot of cpu/ram and some storage or a lot of storage. Your biggest issue will be hardware compatibility on the bare metal. rastamn (RastaMN) March 31, 2022, 1:58am 12. I personally run promox and really enjoy it’s versatility. ...Pros and Cons: Proxmox VE vs VMware ESXi. The Pros of Proxmox VE. The Cons of Proxmox VE. The Pros of VMware ESXi. The Cons of VMware ESXi. Which …Well, frankly, it's helpful to me to help determine if Proxmox has reached sufficient maturity to be stable running TrueNAS. Proxmox has historically been a second-rate hypervisor for virtualization of FreeNAS/TrueNAS, it works for some people, fails for others, and for yet a third set of people it is merely …Features. VMWare has more features overall than Proxmox, although Proxmox’s features are more practical. For example, Proxmox automatically allows nodes to use the same shared storage when the user adds them to a cluster. In comparison, ESXi requires the user to manually configure a node to use the shared storage from its cluster. I use both, for my experience it would be like this: performance: Esxi slightly. power consumption: esxi consumes a bit less power. disk usability: i think they are the similar at disk management interface but proxmox has zfs so faster. updates: proxmox is free. support: proxmox has a bigger and more active community. Forget what you know about Wordle; this game is hard. Are you too good at Wordle? Of course you are. You know all the strategies: which words to guess first, which vowels to test r... Proxmox Mail Gateway is an open-source email security solution that protects your mail server against all email threats from the moment they emerge. The full featured mail proxy can be easily deployed between the firewall and your internal mail server in just a few minutes. Grow faster together. Your needs are specific, and Proxmox not only ... Nutanix AHV Virtualization is most compared with VMware vSphere, Hyper-V, KVM, Citrix Hypervisor and Oracle VM, whereas Proxmox VE is most compared with VMware vSphere, Oracle VM VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V and Citrix Hypervisor. See our Nutanix AHV Virtualization vs. Proxmox VE report. See our list of best Server …Proxmox.. the ability to spin up LXC's is invaluable and it's much less resource intensive than Hyper-V. JmbFountain. •. In general, Proxmox does have the advantage of using KVM for virtualization, which is probably the most performant and generally advanced Hypervisor currently in existence. HoustonBOFH. VMwares ESXI is free as well so the licensing cost is largely irrelevant for most non-commercial situations. Proxmox has its pluses and ESXI has its pluses. Probably the largest benefit to VMWares solution is the integration due to its huge marketshare so if being used as a training tool to develop employment skills it makes the most sense. Jan 21, 2017 ... Want something different or better to replace ESXi at home? Want something free, more feature-rich, yet just as mature?Hypervisor Type: Proxmox VE uses the Linux Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) as its hypervisor, while XenServer utilizes the Xen hypervisor. This difference in hypervisor type affects the way virtual machines are managed and overall performance. Management Interface: Proxmox VE provides a web-based …Section 1 - Installing Proxmox VE 8. 1.1) Before proceeding with the installation, make sure that UEFI Boot & Virtualization is enabled and Secure Boot is disabled in your machine’s BIOS. 1.2) Download the Proxmox VE 8.x ISO Installer. 1.3) You will now need to make a bootable USB drive using balenaEtcher.Comparing Proxmox VE to alternatives. Proxmox VE is already the best choice for thousands of satisfied customers when it comes to choosing an alternative to VMware vSphere, Microsoft Hyper-V or Citrix XenServer. The following list will help you to compare Proxmox VE with alternatives in the server virtualization market:Get Started. It's easy to start: Just download the ISO image and install Proxmox VE on your hardware. In five minutes you'll be creating your first virtual machines and containers. The source code of Proxmox VE is licensed under the GNU AGPLv3 and free to download and use. With the bare-metal installation, you'll get a complete …When choosing between Proxmox VE and VMware ESXi, it’s important to consider your specific virtualization needs, budget, and familiarity with the underlying technologies. Proxmox VE is a cost-effective option with a wide range of features in its free community edition, making it suitable for homelab use and those looking for open-source ...Nov 20, 2020 · The results were surprising: Proxmox VE beat VMware ESXi in 56 of 57 tests, delivering IOPS performance gains of nearly 50%. Peak gains in individual test cases with large queue depths and small I/O sizes exceed 70%. Proxmox VE reduced latency by more than 30% while simultaneously delivering higher IOPS, besting VMware in 56 of 57 tests. Want to spruce up your outdoor entertaining space? Discover the highest-rated outdoor rugs in 2023 to beautify your patio or backyard. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive news...Let me just bring some details. You need to compare apples to apples :) KVM is indeed an hypervisor, but XCP-ng or XenServer are virtualization platforms, using Xen (the hypervisor). KVM or Xen alone are almost not usable in a modern context (easy to use API, integration, UI etc.) You need a toolstack on top (among other things) to create a ...

Khi xem xét Proxmox vs ESXi, VMware vSphere là công nghệ ảo hóa độc quyền, cung cấp khả năng quản lý tập trung và nhiều tính năng nâng cao. VMware vSphere được quản lý bằng ứng dụng web vSphere hiện đại cho phép quản lý các cụm VMware vSphere được kết nối với vCenter Server.. Nursery austin tx

proxmox vs esxi

Essentially the only difference is feature set. Both are Type-1 hypervisors so performance should be fairly comparable between them however Hyper-V (being an MS product) probably is aimed towards integration with Microsoft technologies and networks (though full disclosure, I haven't used Hyper-V for a VERY long time so that is … Or what are the compelling reasons to use Proxmox. I also work IT (specifically, I’m a virtualization admin, running VMware products), and my choice for homelab hypervisor was Proxmox. Now, my “servers” are enterprise desktops (i5-4750, 16GB RAM, 2x 500GB & 1x 1.5TB HDD), so your millage my vary, but for me it came down to features you ... Nov 28, 2023 · One key point is that while QEMU is a type-2 hypervisor, QEMU paired with KVM is a type-1 hypervisor – the same way that Hyper-V is. Therefore, QEMU/KVM is one of the best Proxmox alternatives you can use! One of the biggest benefits of QEMU is that the virtual machines can be imported into Proxmox if you ever decide that you want to use it. Oct 23, 2013 ... best Server Environment (esxi or proxmox). myhtpc. By myhtpc. October 23, ...Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine Nadia Hansel, MD, MPH, is the interim director of the Department of Medicine in th...Main Street refers collectively to members of the general population who invest in the capital markets. Main Street refers collectively to members of the general population who inv...A guide for migrating virtual machines to Proxmox.Discord: https://discord.gg/REmZyw8fBYWritten guide: https://divgitally.com/post/proxmox/proxmox_vm_migrati...Best for long-term use: Proxmox VE. The easy winner here is Proxmox VE. As of August 2022, the development of Red Hat Virtualization has been halted and is only available for maintenance updates, though extended life phase support will be provided until 2026. Red Hat’s OpenShift container platform has replaced the former RHV system as …I always wanted to do a Benchmark-Test of a virtual machine hosted on Proxmox and Hyper-V installed on the same hardware. Sorry for the bad Quality. I will t...Aug 30, 2018 ... The story: So I used to run ESXi 6.5 I think and I used a free licence. For home and study purposes you can get an ESXi licence for free ...Proxmox can run containerized applications. XCP-ng is only a hypervisor. You need to setup either as a VM or seperate box. Xen Orchestra. There’s also a Windows application you can use. But I believe it’s deprecated. Proxmox GUI is better the Xen Orchestra 5. Although the upcoming XO6 looks like it’ll be better.Allen Lyle demonstrates how the Broan-NuTone vent hood will be assembled. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides Latest View All Radio Show Latest View ...ESXi的性能和稳定性也取决于硬件环境和许可证等因素。. 总体来说，两者的性能和稳定性都是不错的。. 综上所述，Proxmox VE和ESXi都是优秀的虚拟化平台，它们都有自己的优势和劣势。. 如果您需要一个灵活、易用、开放的虚拟化平台，可以选择Proxmox VE；如果您 ... VMware ESXi is an operating system-independent hypervisor based on the VMkernel operating system interfacing with agents that run atop it. ESXi is the exclusive hypervisor for VMware vSphere 5.x licenses. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, our lives have been significantly affected on every level. Different countries reacted in various ways and almost everybody was under ...gscjj. •. VMUG is $200, that's the full suite (vSphere Enterprise, vSAN, NSX, vROPs, vRLI, Etc), a $3000 dollar value. It's been a while but I'm pretty sure it's still being offered. If you can afford it, along with the hardware requirements, vSphere is a superior product. If you run a simple lab, Proxmox is sufficient.Los Angeles, CA. Nov 16, 2015. #9. I switched from esxi 6.0 to proxmox ve4 recently @ both work and home. The following features are missing from esxi are crucial. 1. ZFS on root fs just wonderful, it makes backup of the VM hosts so much easier. VMFS is troublesome.Snap Inc. (SNAP) isn't finished plunging yet according to its charts, writes technical analyst Bruce Kamich, who says the social media stock is a falling knife and should be av...What is your recommendation? Should I use Proxmox and virtual machines plus docker or ESXi? Alternative is also Linux and there docker and ....

Popular Topics